O conhecimento cientifico; Natureza do conhecimento cientifico; O metodo cientifico; A pesquisa: nocoes gerais; Fases de uma pesquisa; Como proceder a investigacao; Como transmitir os conhecimentos adquiridos; Tecnicas especiais.

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal destacar a importância dos impressos editados pelas escolas de ofício católicas em Porto Alegre, mais precisamente as escolas Pão dos Pobres, Educandário São Luiz Guanela e o Centro Social Padre Calábria. As informações veiculadas por tais impressos constituem um verdadeiro meio pedagógico, formando o cidadão.

Este ensaio propõe uma análise multissensorial a partir das representações do amor como tema central da poesia, observados na obra Escuta (2015), do poe-ta carioca Eucanaã Ferraz. Tomando por base a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty sistematizada por Alckmar Luiz dos Santos (2016), procuramos observar que os caminhos por onde o amor se desdobra nas superfícies dos poemas vão desde o ser amado até a própria poesia, incidindo sempre na escuta pro-funda dos sentimentos e na representação das sensações relacionadas aos (...) cinco sentidos humanos.Palavras-chave: Amor. Poesia. Escuta. Sentidos. Eucanaã Ferraz. (shrink)

La Transición constituye una etapa clave en la configuración del presente histórico del alumnado y su comprensión, por ello, su inclusión en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje adquiere un interés particular. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se articula la enseñanza de esta etapa histórica en los libros de texto. El marco de estudio se acota a los manuales de 2º de Bachillerato en Galicia, sobre los que se realiza un análisis didáctico e historiográfico. El estudio recoge, en el (...) campo didáctico, una falta generalizada de adaptación a las particularidades de la Historia del presente, sin apostar por un aprendizaje significativo. En el historiográfico se revela la misma carencia, así como la hegemonía del relato tradicional, caracterizado por el consenso y la Historia política, personalista, determinista y positiva, sin problematización ni alusión a las propuestas alternativas, el conflicto o la correlación de fuerzas. (shrink)

This paper suggests that medical education should redirect resources to values education, specifically developing new strategies to improve the process of clarification of values. The author suggests using the values journal method which is based on a systematic record of students' personal value systems reflected in their stories and life experience; and on their responses to case presentation. Generating a personal values journal helps students define who they are, what their social and professional roles are, what their expectations are and (...) where they are going. Keeping values journals promotes students' decision-making capacity, and equips them with the necessary skills to teach their future patients how to generate their own value systems. The development of a well defined values journal is a preparatory stage for active participation in clinical conferences or group discussion, and for effective communal dialogue among the group's members. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of clinical-ethical decision making which will assist the health care professional to arrive at an ethically defensible judgment. The model highlights the integration between ethics and decision making, whereby ethics as a systematic analytic tool bring to bear the positive aspects of the decision making process. The model is composed of three major elements. The ethical component, the decision making component and the contextual component. The latter incorporates the relational aspects (...) between the provider and the patient and the organizational structure. The model suggests that in order to arrive at an ethically, justifiable sound decision one make reference to those three elements. (shrink)

In this paper the author introduces two questions for discussion in Descartes, namely: 1. How to understand the “liberty of indifference” in the thought of Descartes; 2. How to understand the conception of the indivisibility of the soul (or spirit). The first one is a classical topic, already studied, among others, by Martial Guéroult and Lívio Teixeira. It concerns the moral conception of Descartes and the related question about the existence of a “permanent moral” in the thought of Descartes, compared (...) to his “provisory moral”. The second question has more contemporary ramifications, since it is about the relation between body and spirit, or mind, which is central in the philosophical reflections of the XXIst Century. The paper doesn’t try to solve these questions, of course, but intends to point some lines of research taking these issues as starting points. This paper also constitutes a tribute to Professor Franklin Leopoldo e Silva (USP). (shrink)

This paper seeks to analyze the construction of ethics in sexuality research in which qualitative methods are employed in the field of social sciences. Analyses are based on a bibliographic review of current discussions on research methods of queer theory and on the authors' own experiences of past research on sexuality. The article offers a theoretical perspective on the ways ethnography and in‐depth interviews become methods that can rely on a consensual method and create a politics of intimacy between the (...) researchers and research participants. The politics of intimacy may contribute to the production of a politically engaged knowledge while escaping from the moral matrix that usually governs the relationship between researchers and research participants. It is argued here that the researcher's sexed and gendered body matters for fieldwork; that the consensual method among participants may be employed in sexuality research as a fruitful tool; and that the relationships created among researchers and participants can pose a challenge to predetermined ethical guidelines in research. As a result, discussions problematize the existence of a politics of intimacy in sexuality research that is characterized by ethical relations among research participants. (shrink)

In visual science the term filling-inis used in different ways, which often leads to confusion. This target article presents a taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena to organize and clarify theoretical and empirical discussion. Examples of boundary completion (illusory contours) and featural completion (color, brightness, motion, texture, and depth) are examined, and single-cell studies relevant to filling-in are reviewed and assessed. Filling-in issues must be understood in relation to theoretical issues about neuralignoring an absencejumping to a conclusionanalytic isomorphismCartesian materialism, a particular (...) neural stage that forms the immediate substrate of perceptual experience enactiveanimatesubpersonal” considerations about internal processing, but rather by considerations about the task of vision at the level of the animal or person interacting with the world. (shrink)

LEMOS, Luiz Henrique. A Psicologia da religião Ocidental e Oriental: a influência do círculo de Eranos no atendimento da religião na perspectiva de Carl Gustav Jung. 2013. 127f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Religião) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

Cet exercice historiographique se propose de suivre le cheminement du thème des femmes - femmes nobles aux XIe et XIIe siècles : - dans l’œuvre de Georges Duby, plus précisément dans son cours, son séminaire et ses publications. Trois phases peuvent être identifiées entre 1953 (année de la parution de sa thèse sur le Mâconnais) et 1996 (année de la publication de la trilogie Dames du XIIe siècle, année de sa mort). 1) 1953-1973 : les questions liées à la condition (...) féminine ont d’abord existé à l’état de questions éparses formulées dans les écrits sur l’aristocratie. 2) 1973-1980 : elles se dessinent plus fermement, avec l’enquête sur les structures familiales et le mariage. 3) 1980-1996 : elles se dégagent du thème de la parenté pour occuper la place centrale, et sont étudiées dans deux directions : la condition des femmes et la sainteté féminine. (shrink)

Cet exercice historiographique se propose de suivre le cheminement du thème des femmes - femmes nobles aux XIe et XIIe siècles : - dans l’œuvre de Georges Duby, plus précisément dans son cours, son séminaire et ses publications. Trois phases peuvent être identifiées entre 1953 (année de la parution de sa thèse sur le Mâconnais) et 1996 (année de la publication de la trilogie Dames du XIIe siècle, année de sa mort). 1) 1953-1973 : les questions liées à la condition (...) féminine ont d’abord existé à l’état de questions éparses formulées dans les écrits sur l’aristocratie. 2) 1973-1980 : elles se dessinent plus fermement, avec l’enquête sur les structures familiales et le mariage. 3) 1980-1996 : elles se dégagent du thème de la parenté pour occuper la place centrale, et sont étudiées dans deux directions : la condition des femmes et la sainteté féminine. (shrink)

Parmi les séminaires que Georges Duby dirigea toute sa vie, ceux de Sénanque occupent une place particulière. Pendant trois ans, entre 1981 et 1983, il réunit des universitaires et des chercheurs autour de questions spécifiquement liées à l’histoire de la vie privée. L’Association des Amis de Sénanque (et en son sein le Cercle d’Etudes Médiévales) assurait la bonne organisation matérielle. Son directeur, Emmanuel Muheim, accueillait dans l’abbaye cistercienne provençale, pendant quelques jour..

Parmi les séminaires que Georges Duby dirigea toute sa vie, ceux de Sénanque occupent une place particulière. Pendant trois ans, entre 1981 et 1983, il réunit des universitaires et des chercheurs autour de questions spécifiquement liées à l’histoire de la vie privée. L’Association des Amis de Sénanque (et en son sein le Cercle d’Etudes Médiévales) assurait la bonne organisation matérielle. Son directeur, Emmanuel Muheim, accueillait dans l’abbaye cistercienne provençale, pendant quelques jour...

São descritas Oficinas Terapêuticas conduzidas por psicólogos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – álcool e drogas, direcionadas a adultos de ambos os sexos, usuários de álcool e/ou outras drogas. Seus objetivos principais eram proporcionar espaços de expressão, construção e transformação subjeti..

The article deals with the question of phenomenological ethics, comparing Husserl’s and Fink’s ways of understanding the phenomenological reduction and thereby the pedagogical tasks of phenomenology, whose existential meaning lies in the “doctrine of freedom” (“Lehre von der Freiheit”), which is in turn closely linked with the problem of the beginning of philosophizing, since the phenomenological reduction presupposes itself. A comparison between Fink’s and Patocka’s views of freedom as transcendence (expressed by the concepts of hermitry and sacrifice), as well as (...) a phenomenological reading of Nietzsche’s transvaluation of values in relation to the educational theme of the Idealbildung, will let us see how Fink’s cosmological philosophy, having its hermeneutic keystone in the phenomenon of play, still has phenomenological features and pedagogical implications, being describable as a phenomenology of freedom, whose idea of freedom as “experiment” or as man’s “self-production” presents interesting analogies with Arendt’s view of action. (shrink)

(1998). Staging the self by performing the other: Global fantasies and the migration of the projective imagination 1. Cultural Values: Vol. 2, No. 2-3, pp. 288-304.

InThe Cognitive-Emotional Brain(Pessoa 2013), I describe the many ways that emotion and cognition interact and are integrated in the brain. The book summarizes five areas of research that support this integrative view and makes four arguments to organize each area. (1) Based on rodent and human data, I propose that the amygdala's functions go beyond emotion as traditionally conceived. Furthermore, the processing of emotion-laden information is capacity limited, thus not independent of attention and awareness. (2) Cognitive-emotional interactions in the human (...) prefrontal cortex (PFC) assume diverse forms and are not limited to mutual suppression. Particularly, the lateral PFC is a focal point for cognitive-emotional interactions. (3) Interactions between motivation and cognition can be seen across a range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. Motivation shapes behavior in specific ways – for example, by reducing response conflict or via selective effects on working memory. Traditional accounts, by contrast, typically describe motivation as a global activation independent of particular control demands. (4) Perception and cognition are directly influenced by information with affective or motivational content in powerful ways. A dual competition model outlines a framework for such interactions at the perceptual and executive levels. A specific neural architecture is proposed that embeds emotional and motivational signals into perception and cognition through multiple channels. (5) A network perspective should supplant the strategy of understanding the brain in terms of individual regions. More broadly, in a network view of brain architecture, “emotion” and “cognition” may be used as labels of certain behaviors, but will not map cleanly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain. (shrink)

Although emotion is closely associated with motivation, and interacts with perception, cognition, and action, many conceptualizations still treat emotion as separate from these domains. Here, a comparative/evolutionary anatomy framework is presented to motivate the idea that long-range, distributed circuits involving the midbrain, thalamus, and forebrain are central to emotional processing. It is proposed that emotion can be understood in terms of large-scale network interactions spanning the neuroaxis that form “functionally integrated systems.” At the broadest level, the argument is made that (...) we need to move beyond a Newtonian view of causation to one involving complex systems where bidirectional influences and nonlinearities abound. Therefore, understanding interactions between subsystems and signal integration becomes central to unraveling the organization of the emotional brain. (shrink)

Una teoría iusmoralista no puede dejar de basarse en el objetivismo moral, mientras que una teoría iuspositivista puede ser defendida por objetivistas y no objetivistas. Se examinan las consecuencias que el iusmoralismo tiene para la teoría de la validez de las normas jurídicas y para su aplicabilidad en los casos concretos y se revisan las asimetrías y aporías a que conduce cualquier teoría iusmoralista. Finalmente, se subraya que los iusmoralistas discrepan entre sí radicalmente sobre los contenidos de la moral verdadera (...) y del derecho justo y que sólo un enfoque iuspositivista es compatible con el estado constitucional y democrático de derecho. (shrink)

DIREITO À CONVIVÊNCIA E SEPARAÇÃO DOS GENITORES: CONCRETIZAÇÃO COMO PRIORIDADE.

In 2015 Dag Prawitz proposed an Ecumenical system where classical and intuitionistic logic could coexist in peace. The classical logician and the intuitionistic logician would share the universal quantifier, conjunction, negation and the constant for the absurd, but they would each have their own existential quantifier, disjunction and implication, with different meanings. Prawitz’ main idea is that these different meanings are given by a semantical framework that can be accepted by both parties. The aim of the present paper is [1] (...) to prove the normalization theorem for the propositional fragment NEp of Prawitz’ ecumenical system, and [2] to show that NEp is sound and complete with respect to a Kripke-style semantics for the language of NEp. (shrink)

In this response, I suggest that the focus of “emotion” researchers should be more on striving to develop a science of brain and behavior than on deciding what is the proper status of emotion. Because structure and function are closely intertwined in biological systems, advancing our understanding of complex behaviors will necessitate researching their brain substrates.

DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO ITABORAHY, Luiz Carlos. O horizonte da juventude na educação e pastoral populares : história, diálogo e configuração de Medellín a Puebla (1968-1979). 2012. 207 folhas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

The relation between ex falso and disjunctive syllogism, or even the justification of ex falso based on disjunctive syllogism, is an old topic in the history of logic. This old topic reappears in contemporary logic since the introduction of minimal logic by Johansson. The disjunctive syllogism seems to be part of our general non-problematic inferential practices and superficially it does not seem to be related to or to depend on our acceptance of the frequently disputable ex falso rule. We know (...) that the acceptance of the ex falso is a sufficient condition for the acceptance of the disjunctive syllogism, but the interesting question is: is the ex falso a necessary condition for the acceptance of the disjunctive syllogism? The aim of the present paper is to discuss some possible ways to define systems that combines the preservation of the disjunctive syllogism with the rejection of the ex falso. (shrink)

RESUMO Na "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft", os conceitos do factum da razão e do sentimento de respeito pela lei moral geram grandes divergências interpretativas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as interpretações de Zeljko Loparic, Guido Antônio de Almeida e Flávia Carvalho Chagas. ABSTRACT In "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft", the concepts of factum of reason and of feeling of respect for the moral law generate great interpretative divergences. This paper aims to present the interpretations of Zeljko Loparic, Guido Antônio (...) de Almeida and Flávia Carvalho Chagas. (shrink)

Universidade e educação em uma visão antroplógica, à luz da grande tradição da filosofia ocidental: Platão, Aristóteles, Agostinho e, sobretudo, Tomás de Aquino.